October Crisis: Canadians are tested again by threats both domestic and foreign

An item from the Legion Magazine.


Weekly Feature
Observation Post

Canadian soldiers are dispatched to Montreal during the 1970 October Crisis. [Frank Prazak/LAC/4118269]

October Crisis: Canadians are tested again by threats both domestic and foreign

STORY BY RICHARD FOOT

The prime minister’s words, delivered in a televised address on Oct. 16, 1970, were chilling:

“The governments of Canada and of Quebec have been told by groups of self-styled revolutionaries,” said Pierre Trudeau with icy reserve, “that they intend to murder in cold blood two innocent men unless their demands are met.”

A week earlier, British Trade Commissioner James Cross, and Quebec cabinet minister Pierre Laporte had been abducted by the Front de Libération du Quebec (FLQ), a group of anti-anglophone militants who, for years, had been terrorizing Quebecers with bombings and robberies. Now the FLQ was vowing to execute two high-profile hostages unless its demands—including the release of dozens of FLQ members from prison—were met.

At the request of the Quebec government, Trudeau invoked the controversial War Measures Act, suspending civil liberties in the province, ushering in mass arrests by the police and sending the army into the streets of both Montreal and Ottawa.

READ MORE

More from observation post

Lessons of the Holocaust: Two women who wouldn’t let Canadians forget

Canada recently lost two beacons of moral conscience. Judy Weissenberg Cohen and Rose Lipszyc, survivors of the Holocaust, died last month in Toronto.

19,000 and counting: How an amateur historian maintains the memory of Indigenous veterans in Canada

The names spill forth from Yann Castelnot’s seemingly endless list, like a rollcall of courage. Alongside those listed are their Indigenous nations—Mi’kmaq, Mohawk (Kanyen’kehà:ka) and

If looks could kill: Arthur Currie, Pete Hegseth and the meaning of military toughness

General Arthur Currie was no matinee idol. Portly and jowly, he had neither the face nor the form of the dashing, broad-shouldered Hollywood stereotype.

Crew Sock bundle
The Briefing
The Briefing

A portrait of Francis (Mike) Kendall from his Special Operations Executive personnel file. [gwulo.com]

Author Allan Bartley on the Hong Kong exploits of Canadian WW II spy Mike Kendall

STORY BY ALEX BOWERS

Francis (Mike) Kendall was many things: flawed yet formidable, complicated yet courageous and, perhaps most strikingly, forgotten.

A resident of Hong Kong prior to the Dec. 8-25, 1941, battle, the Canadian civilian was nevertheless drawn into a clandestine war against Japan after its forces attacked. There, as the Allied garrison attempted—ultimately in vain—to stem the enemy tide, Kendall helped organize the escape of 75 key people out of the doomed British colony and into unconquered China.

His exploits continued with Operation Oblivion—a secret mission to infiltrate Japanese-occupied Hong Kong alongside a group of Chinese-Canadians. Despite the absence of official military credentials, Kendall found himself at the centre of the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) effort.

READ MORE

More from The Briefing

Jessica Miller on the Veteran Farm Project

“Farming is never as straightforward as you hope it will be,” said retired sergeant Jessica Miller. The former medic would know, having traded tourniquets for

Canadian filmmaker Dale Morrisey highlights women of WW II in doc series

“Time and money are the enemy of Canadian history documentaries,” remarked filmmaker Dale Morrisey, the founder of Wandering Journalist Productions. “You’re fighting to find that

An armchair tour of the wreck site of HMCS Canada with diver and historian Joseph Frey

Ernest Hemingway had a hand in leading scuba diver Joseph Frey to the wreck of HMCS Canada—though the famed novelist could hardly have known it.

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IRIS

New grad fellow uncovers historical roots of environmental inequalities

An item from a fellow Canadian organization in the Bay Area.


Canadian Studies Announcements

In This Issue:

Program News

• Happy Canadian Thanksgiving and Indigenous Peoples’ Day!

• New Hildebrand Fellow Eliza Breder studies how Canada’s history of settlement shapes environmental inequality

External Events

• Sleeping With a Restless Elephant: The Long Backstory of the Canada-US Trade War

PROGRAM NEWS

Happy Canadian Thanksgiving and Indigenous Peoples’ Day!

Canadian Studies extends our warmest wishes to our Canadian friends as they celebrate Canadian Thanksgiving! As we do every year, we would like to thank all of you for your continued support of our program. Thanksgiving is a day to celebrate and appreciate all of the relationships that enrich our lives, and we couldn’t be more grateful to our community. You form part of a vibrant network that links the US and Canada and strengthens the bonds between our two countries.

In addition, we would like to wish all of our friends a happy Indigenous Peoples’ Day. First celebrated here in Berkeley in 1992, this holiday honors the Indigenous peoples of North America as well as their histories, cultures, and enduring traditions. Indigenous studies has always been a core component of our program, and Indigenous peoples on both sides of the Canada-US border face similar issues in reclaiming their cultures and sovereignty. We encourage our friends to take some time today to learn about their local Indigenous nations, and to reflect on their continued presence and contributions to the societies of both countries.

Image by pikisuperstar on Magnific.

New Hildebrand Fellow Eliza Breder Studies How Canada’s History of Settlement Shapes Environmental Inequality

The Canadian Studies Program is pleased to announce that Eliza Breder has been awarded an Edward E. Hildebrand Graduate Research Fellowship.

Eliza is a PhD candidate in Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning. Her interdisciplinary background spans water resource management, historical ecology, climate adaptation, and environmental planning. Before and during her doctoral studies, she has worked across research and applied resilience initiatives. She has worked at UC Berkeley’s Just Environments Lab since 2023, contributing to research on flood risk, environmental injustice, and equitable recovery, including a project focused on the aftermath of the 2023 Pájaro Valley floods.

Her dissertation, The Drainage Archive: An Atlas of Wetland Transformation and the Production of Contemporary Vulnerability, examines how hydraulic engineering and land settlement have transformed wetland and deltaic landscapes while producing uneven patterns of contemporary climate vulnerability. By comparing the Saskatchewan River Delta with the Florida Everglades, Eliza hopes to understand how these historical decisions have contributed to present-day environmental inequalities that make some marginalized communities more vulnerable to flooding and climate-related threats.

Following Confederation, the Canadian government encouraged settlers to convert prairie land for agricultural use. The construction of dams, irrigation systems, and other water infrastructure fundamentally altered natural landscapes and access to natural resources, which devastated local ecosystems and disrupted Indigenous communities’ traditional relationships with the land. She seeks to make these histories visible, and asks us to reconsider climate adaptation through questions of environmental justice and historical accountability.

Eliza’s Hildebrand Fellowship will support research at Library and Archives Canada, where she plans to examine historical documents such as survey maps, engineering documentation, land grants and official correspondence, and petitions or testimony from Indigenous and other affected communities. These materials will help reveal how the landscape changed over time, and better understand the lasting consequences of those changes for present environmental resilience projects.

Eliza holds a BS, an MS, and Master of Landscape Architecture degree from the University of Florida. Prior to joining Berkeley, Eliza worked for three years at the Florida Institute for Built Environment Resilience (FIBER).

EXTERNAL EVENTS

Sleeping With a Restless Elephant: The Long Backstory of the Canada-US Trade War

Sat., Oct. 17 | 1:30 pm | Saratoga, CA | Learn more

In 1969, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau compared Canada-US relations to “sleeping with an elephant”. In this talk, Canadian Studies affiliate Prof. Greg Wigmore will discuss why relations between the two countries are more strained than they’ve been in more than a century, and place the current conflict in the long sweep of Canada-US relations.

Greg Wigmore is a teaching professor at Santa Clara University, specializing in US and North American history and Canada-US relations. He received his PhD from UC Davis and is a former Sproul Fellow with the Canadian Studies Program at Berkeley.

Canadian Studies Program

213 Philosophy Hall #2308

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Canadian Studies Program | Univ. of California, Berkeley 213 Philosophy Hall #2308 | Berkeley, CA 94720 US

California Capital Airshow – Canadian Forces Snowbirds

Yesterday concluded the California Capital Airshow, and the final public performances of the Canadian Forces Snowbirds in their Candair CT-114 Tutor aircraft. Below is a video collection of some of the footage that was shared on social media from the past few days.

Click on the image to load the video.

The clips in this video were taken from (in no particular order):

California Capital Airshow – Saturday Show

Yesterday, and continuing today, several members of Branch 25 had the opportunity to attend the California Capital Airshow and the final public performances of the Canadian Forces Snowbirds in their Candair CT-114 Tutor aircraft.

The airshow featured the several World War II era P-51 Mustangs, the US Navy’s F/A-18F, a U-2 and T-38s from Beale Air Force Base U-2, and the US Air Force Thunderbirds in the air, as well as the C-5 Super Galaxy M, C-17 Globemaster II, and KC-135 Stratotanker from Travis Air Force Base on the ground.  There was even a Royal Canadian Air Force CT-102A Astra (Grob G-120A) down from 3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School (CFFTS) in Portage La Prairie, Manitoba.

However, members of the Royal Canadian Legion were there to see the Snowbirds in action. Below are some cell phone images , as well some video of their performance.

Click on any image to see the full size version.

Click on any image to see the full size version.

Finally, here are a few pictures from the CF Snowbirds themselves from that Saturday performance.

Taken from https://www.facebook.com/CFSnowbirdsFC/posts/pfbid028PuGdqqs1kmf9E8iAKjUJHEYJvVcCDQmZo7xp7HLoqcL1MZG6ww9LCymNxLwrpDl.