Apropos the upcoming webinar noted above, an article on the National World War I Museum and Memorial web site discusses using WWI as a lens through which to view the war in Ukraine. “As I sit here watching the Russian war against Ukraine,” writes historian Michael Neiberg , “I am more convinced than ever that 1914 has a great deal to teach us. Indeed, it might provide the best guide we have to where we are now and where we might go in the future.” Click here to read more about the “more frightening echoes of 1914 that we must listen for even as we hope that they will never come to pass.“

World War One Centennial Commissioner Dr. Libby O’Connell had always heard that an ancestor of hers died when the RMS Lusitania was sunk by a German U-boat off the coast of Ireland May 7, 1915. Her father taught European History so she was raised on stories from the continent, including the sinking of the Lusitania. Still, she found it difficult to believe that a relative of hers had been aboard the ill-fated ship, since she could never verify the story. Click here to read more, and learn how the family mystery was solved just in time for the centennial of the Lusitania’s sinking.

On May 20, 2022 in celebration of EMS week, Washington DC Fire & EMS Deputy Chief Michael Knight, Shane Wheeler, Volunteer Medical Services Corp, and Boston researcher George Whitehair will lead the recognition for all EMS workers and in particular, a World War I veteran, doctor, and surgeon, who served in France with the 92nd Division (Buffalo soldiers). He then returned to start an ambulance corps and a hospital, both of which continue to serve their communities almost 100 years later. Click here to read more about Dr. Frank Erdman Boston, who will be honored at the National World War I Memorial along with all EMS workers during National EMS week May 15-21, 2022.

Susan Davis International and the United States World War One Centennial Commission have recently been recognized with a Gold Stevie Award for PR Campaign of the Year – Events & Observances for the 2021 First Colors Ceremony at the new National World War I Memorial. The Stevie American Business Awards is one of the premier business awards programs in the U.S. Click here to read more, and learn about this and the many other awards that First Colors has received over the past year.

Our Washington, DC, April 6, 2022 event, marking the 105th anniversary of the U.S. entry into WWI, was a memorable evening for many. Hosted by Dan Dayton, Chair, Board of Directors, of the Doughboy Foundation, Denise VanBuren, President General of the DAR, and Hungarian Ambassador Szabolcs Takacs, the program presented Attila Szalay-Berzeviczy’s two-volume book, “In the Centennial Footsteps of the Great War” and an exhibit chronicling the historical events and the horrors of the First World War through photos that were taken 100 years later. Click here to read more about the fascinating panel discussion featured at the event, and learn how to watch the video online.

Frederick Riefkohl was the first Puerto Rican to graduate from the U.S. Naval Academy. A WWI hero who led a successful showdown with a German submarine. And a WWII ship commander who retired as a rear admiral — he even has his own Wikipedia page. But Riefkohl did not receive the Medal of Honor, America’s highest award for valor in combat, to commemorate his WWI gallantry. Click here to read more, and learn how Riefkohl is one of 214 WWI minority veterans identified thus far by the Valor Medals Review Project for possible decoration upgrades.

He quit school at 15 and almost lost his life fighting in World War I. Now, Aaron Richard Fisher has been immortalized in his Gibson County, Indiana home town. The Lyles Station Historical School and Museum has unveiled a historical marker to honor him. Click here to read more, and learn how Fisher, born on a farm in Lyles Station, Indiana, went on to become one of the most decorated African American soldiers from Indiana, including the Distinguished Service Cross Award, which is the nation’s  second highest military honor.

To recognize the 2021 centennial commemoration of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Arlington National Cemetery (ANC) created two new major museum exhibits at the cemetery. The first exhibit, located in the Memorial Amphitheater Display Room, directly behind the Tomb, opened in November 2020, while the second, located in the Welcome Center, opened in early 2021. Together, these two exhibits provide new interpretations of the Tomb’s history and legacy to the thousands of global visitors that come to ANC. Click here to learn more about how these exhibits help expand the Tomb’s story and explain its national, as well as international, significance.

For the next 10 weeks, visitors will be able to view artifacts and a special honor associated with a real American hero at an Albany City Hall display. The man: World War I soldier Sgt. Henry Johnson of Albany. The artifacts: A bolo knife, helmet, and insignia he would have carried. And it wouldn’t be complete without the actual Medal of Honor he was awarded posthumously and only recently. Click here to learn more about the exhibit, which honors Henry Johnson’s courage both in uniform and as a civilian.

Not all American service members are born in the U.S.; many emigrate from overseas to start a new life in America. Writing for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’ VAntage Point web site, author Alex Boucher tells the story of one such immigrant: Army and Marine Corps Veteran Louis Cukela, originally from the Austria-Hungarian Empire, who fought for the U.S. in the Great War and was one of only nineteen men to receive two Medals of Honor. Click here to read more about Cukela’s extraordinary heroics in WWI, and find out how his service to his adopted nation didn’t end there.

The USS New York was a US Navy battleship and the lead vessel of her two-ship class, entering service in 1914. Named after the state of New York, she was designed to be the first ship to carry a 14-inch/45-caliber gun. After the US entered WWI, she set sail across the Atlantic to join the British Grand Fleet in December 1917, and acted as the flagship of US battleships in the 6th Battle Squadron for the remainder of World War I. As she led a fleet of battleships into the Pentland Firth on October 14, 1918, she was badly damaged by an underwater collision. But it wasn’t a rock the mighty ship had hit. Click here to read more, and learn about the close encounter of a submerged kind that earned the New York a one-of-a-kind distinction in the U.S. Navy during World War I.

On July 7, 1919, a group of U.S. military members dedicated Zero Milestone – the point from which all road distances in the country would be measured – just south of the White House lawn in Washington, D.C. The next morning, they helped to define the future of the nation. Instead of an exploratory rocket or deep-sea submarine, these explorers set out in 42 trucks, five passenger cars, and an assortment of motorcycles, ambulances, tank trucks, mobile field kitchens, mobile repair shops, and Signal Corps searchlight trucks. During the first three days of driving, they managed just over five miles per hour. This was most troubling because their goal was to explore the condition of American roads by driving across the U.S. Participating in this exploratory party was U.S. Army Captain Dwight D. Eisenhower. Click here to read more, and learn how Ike, although he played a critical role in much of 20th-century U.S. history, may have carried the most significant impact on the domestic front due to his passion for roads.

On Saturday, June 4th, the World War I Memorial Commission in Norwich, CT is holding its 2nd Annual Doughnut Day to help raise funds that will pay for the restoration of the centerpiece of a local World War I Memorial. The memorial’s captured WWI 15cm Krupp’s field gun, which was presented to the city as a trophy of war by American Legion Post #4 in 1926, had fallen into disrepair, and was removed from its memorial site. Click here to read more about the sad state of the artifact, and how the Committee plans to restore it to its place of honor by 2026 if possible.

Three days after Christmas in 1915, a New York City taxi headed to the 5th Street Pier in Hoboken, NJ, where the Dutch ocean liner Rotterdam prepared for an Atlantic crossing. The cab carried a special fare: German diplomat Captain Karl Boy-Ed (left), a career military man and the German embassy’s naval attaché, one of the highest-ranking consular posts. After nearly four years stationed in America, Boy-Ed was sailing home in disgrace, ejected from the United States by the American government, accused of engaging in sabotage and deceptive propaganda in brazen violation of America’s policy of neutrality in World War I. But all was not as it seemed that day. Click here to read more, and learn how the distinctly 21st Century concept of “fake news” has, like so many other things in the world do, its own ugly antecedents in WWI.

Writing for the Linn’s Stamp News web site. columnist John Hotchner takes a look at a fairly rare piece of World War I ephemera: the American Expeditionary Force “Christmas Package Coupons” that were distributed to each military member (and some civilians working with the military) in or on their way to France in September 1918. The coupon enabled the person to receive one package from home for Christmas 1918. Click here to read more about this postal artifact of America’s role  in WWI, quite rare now because “It seems that few of these Christmas package coupons were preserved after receipt.”

It’s gardening time, at least hopefully, now that we’re past our last gasp of wintry weather! This time of year also brings back memories of the war gardens and victory gardens of the past. During World War I, with commercial farm produce needed for the military, American households were urged to create their own backyard gardens. “We should plant to garden every back yard in Missoula within the next 30 days!” proclaimed the Missoulian newspaper on Sunday, April 1, 1917. “This nation is entering upon the world-wide war and no man knows the full extent of our immediate needs and food necessities.” Click here to learn how one of the largest “community gardens” in Montana was created at Bonner, where the Anaconda Copper Mining Company encouraged its lumber mill employees to use a huge tract of land for the purpose.

Like most things in the world, women’s fashions of 1914–1920 were heavily influenced by World War I. Writing in the Bellatory.com web site, author Delores Monet explores how, even before the outbreak of WWI, fashion had taken on a whole new look, losing the rigid, tailored lines of the Edwardian period. But the impact of World War I changed everything. Click here to read more, and learn how the privations of war, and women taking on jobs formerly filled by men, caused dramatic changes in fashion sense and sensibilities that are still reverberating over a century later.

While it was still a new phenomenon, studios were cranking out movies in the 1920s and 1930s. As a result, many of the early stars of the Silver Screen had served in the First World War. Writing at War History Online, Todd Neikirk summons a list of several prominent stars of classic cinema who served their country during the Great War before stardom struck. Without peeking, can you identify the star-to-be in the picture at left? Click here to reveal his identity, and the names of the other luminaries who wore uniforms in WWI before they wore costumes under the bright lights.

World War I saw the introduction of many innovations in military technology, including the development of tanks, submarines, warplanes, and guns. Some of these technologies remain in use a century later. Brady Kirkpatrick, Editor-in-Chief of gunmade.com, makes a list of guns used by various armed forces in World War I that are still used in the military and among law enforcement professionals and civilians. The first World War ended over a century ago, which means the guns on this list are among the most reliable firearms ever built. Click here to learn more, and explore the six examples of historic WWI guns still very much in use today.

A man is only missing if he is forgotten.

Our Doughboy MIA this month is Private Giovanni Aliberti.

Giovanni Aliberti was an immigrant to the US. Born in Scipiono, Italy on 27 January 1896. He arrived in America through the port of New York at age 16 on 24 May 1912 with just $25.00 in his pocket. A farm laborer, he was among the few of his station who could both read and write well. He first settled in Little Kansas, Pennsylvania before moving to Donora in Washington County, PA where he was living when war came to his new country.  He signed his draft card in June 1917 giving his description as black hair, brown eyes, of medium build and claimed no exemptions. Eager to do his bit for his adopted land, Giovanni enlisted in the army at Fort Howard, Maryland on 2 November 1917. His association with Pennsylvania almost assured him assignment to a Pennsylvania regiment at that time, and he was not disappointed; Giovanni was assigned to Company A/110^th Infantry Regiment/28^th Division. With them he sailed for France aboard the City of Calcutta on 3 May 1918.

He served that summer honorably through all of the 110^th’s engagements. In August they found themselves heavily engaged on the Vesle enduring the vicious street fighting in the town of Fismes. (The work of the 28^th Division is ably described in the books ‘Toward the Flame’ by Hervey Allen, and ‘I Remember the Last War’ by Bob Hoffman.) Suffering heavy casualties as the battle rolled on, internal temporary inter-regimental transfers occurred, and Giovanni was sent to Company L of the 3^rd Battalion on 6 August. In early September the 28^th crossed the Vesle and began moving forward. The drive of the 110^th took them on a path toward the town of Merval with the 3^rd Battalion out front and it was during this drive that Giovanni Aliberti was killed. His sergeant witnessed him shot in right side of the head by a German sniper, killing him instantly. Later that day he was buried in a trench alcove. His grave was clearly marked with a cross, his helmet and one of his dog tags, and a later map illustrated the approximate spot. Despite this, when Graves Registration Service searchers went out to find him in 1921, they were unable to locate the burial location. Today Giovanni Aliberti is memorialized on the Tablets of the Missing at the American Oise-Aisne Cemetery.

Giovanni Aliberti is also on the search list of Doughboy MIA. We believe we have a shot at finding his remains – but we need YOUR help. Won’t you make an effort to help make as full an accounting of our missing Doughboys as possible? Please consider making a tax-deductible donation to our non-profit organization and do YOUR part to help us! Please visit www.ww1cc.org/mia of www.doughboymia.org and make your donation today, and remember:

A man is only missing if he is forgotten.

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The DowntownDC Business Improvement District hosted its 2021 Momentum Awards on Thursday, March 24, 2022, at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library in Washington, DC. At the ceremony, the World War One Centennial Commission received the Downtown Detail Award for the opening of the new National World War I Memorial at the former Pershing Park, on Pennsylvania Avenue NW, “which serves as a beautiful dedication to the heroism and sacrifice of Americans.” Click here to read more, and see video that was played for attendees at the award ceremony last month.

The Daily Taps program at the National World War I Memorial, in Washington, DC was launched November 11, 2021 by the Doughboy Foundation as part of its ongoing commitment to Honor All Those Who Served in WWI. To ensure this commitment would be steadfast, Jari Villanueva, lifelong bugler, considered to be the country’s foremost expert on military bugle calls, and Director of Taps for Veterans, was chosen to lead this effort. Jari sounded the first Daily Taps at the WWI Memorial, DC, and continues to play, as well as organize many other dedicated buglers who have stepped forward to honor all our Veterans and active-duty military, rain or shine. Click here to learn more about Jari and the Daily Taps program at the National World War I Memorial.

When Justus Doenecke retired in 2005 at age 67 from the faculty of New College of Florida, the state’s honors college, where he had taught for 36 years, he was “hoping for a large project to keep me occupied during my new ‘permanent leave.’” He realized that he had “collected a number of contemporary books” on World War I, so he decided to read them. One thing led to another, and 17 years later, his retirement “hobby” has turned into two monumental books on WWI. The latest book, More Precious Than Peace: A New History of America in World War I  was published this spring by the University of Notre Dame Press. Click here to read more, and find out how some light reading about WWI evolved into two important contributions to the canon of writings about the “diplomatic, military, and ideological aspects of U.S. involvement as a full-scale participant in World War I.”

The Des Moines Register newspaper in Iowa recently ran an extensive article on the work of researchers on the Valor Medals Review Project at Park University’s George S. Robb Centre for the Study of the Great War. Supported by the U.S. World War I Centennial Commission, the Valor Medals Review is searching for WWI American service members who deserved to be awarded the Medal of Honor, but received a lesser decoration due to their race, ethnicity or religion. Click here to read more, and learn how research team members such as Tim Wescott (top left) and Josh Weston are racing the calendar to complete the review by 2025.

James Butler, who died last month at the age of 90, was a famous British figurative sculptor and the longest serving member of the Royal Academy. His notable works include not only large-scale bronze statues of famous historical figures like Queen Elizabeth, but also several memorials commemorating WWI and WWII in England, France and the United States. Commissioner Monique Seefried of the US World War I Centennial Commission pays fond tribute to the artist and his work on several monumental sculptures that honor American soldiers who served and died in World War I.

On May 20, 2022, and in celebration of EMS week, Washington DC Fire & EMS Deputy Chief Michael Knight and Boston researcher George Whitehair will lead the recognition for all EMS workers and in particular, a World War I veteran, doctor, and surgeon, who served in France with the 92^nd Division (Buffalo soldiers). He then returned to start an ambulance corp and a hospital, both of which continue to serve their communities almost 100 years later. His name is Dr. Frank Erdman Boston, and he will be honored at the World War I Memorial along with all EMS workers during EMS week. Click here to read more about Dr. Frank Boston and EMS Week 2022.

Helen Grace McClelland was born in Ohio in 1887. She enrolled at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing in 1908 and graduated in 1912. When the Red Cross asked for volunteers in 1914 to aid overseas during World War I, McClelland answered the call. She volunteered in 1915 for the American Ambulance Service and served in France. The U.S. officially entered the war in 1917, but McClelland saw it as her duty to continue helping in the humanitarian effort overseas. Click here to read more, and learn how, after briefly returning to the U.S., she officially joined the Army Nurse Corps in 1917 and was brought back to Europe’s Western Front to continue aiding in the war effort.

Private First Class Abraham Smith was part of the U.S. Army’s WWI American Expeditionary Force, known as the “Polar Bears.” On Oct. 27, 1918, PFC Smith carried wounded soldiers to the dressing station and delivered a message under artillery fire in north Russia. Unfortunately, he was never awarded the military medals that he valiantly earned. But recently, Congressman Hal Rogers of Kentucky presented the Silver Star, the WWI Victory Medal, and the WWI Bronze Victory Pin to Smith’s descendants. Click here to read more, and find out how this century-long oversight was at least partially rectified with the assistance of the Congressman’s office.

More than 100 years ago, women from every state in the U.S. volunteered to serve as switchboard operators and real-time translators on the front lines of World War I. They served under commissioned officers, wore dog tags, rank insignia and uniforms and swore the Army Oath, but the 223 women and 2 men of the Signal Corps Telephone Operator Unit were told when they came home that they had served as “civilian contractors” instead of soldiers. Click here to read more, and learn how Director Daniela Larsen of the John Hutchings Museum in Lehi, Utah is doing her part to get the “Hello Girls” (including 2 from Utah) recognition they’ve long deserved.

During Women’s History Month, inspirational women such as Harriet Tubman or Susan B. Anthony are often remembered, but it is also important to recognize women closer to home. During World War I, women from Rock Island and Moline, Illinois, Davenport, Iowa, and the surrounding areas, were hired in large numbers at Rock Island Arsenal in Illinois for the first time, in order to support the war efforts. Click here to read more, and learn how women at RIA emerged from strictly clerical jobs, and put their lives on the line by working one of the most dangerous tasks at the arsenal, filling 155mm shells and setting fuses.

Carl Westmoreland, who was the senior historian at the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center for the past 20 years, died March 10, two days after his 85th birthday. He had an “extraordinary friendship” with Paul LaRue, a retired social sciences teacher and former member of the Ohio WWI Centennial Commission. Click here to read more, and learn how the two men “came together because of a passion they shared for making sure the Black men who took up arms to fight oppression in the Civil War and World War I were never forgotten.”

As the world emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic, and all of its eerie associations with and similarities to the World War I-era Spanish Flu epidemic that killed millions globally, the crisis in Ukraine has emerged carrying its own unsettling resonances with the Great War. Writing on the EVN Report web site, Todd Gernes, Associate Professor of History at Stonehill College in Easton, MA, takes a look at the grim parallels. Click here to read more, and see how “Putin’s war against Ukraine evokes so many images and plotlines from the Great War of 1914-1918.”

Buried side by side at Suresnes American Cemetery just outside Paris, lie the Cromwell sisters, who traded in a life of prominence in New York City to be frontline nurses during World War I. The twin sisters survived the war, but overcome by what is now known as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), jumped to their deaths from the ship that was to take them home in January 1919. Click here to read the whole story, and learn how the “Misses Cromwell,” as they were sometimes referenced in newspapers, were never far from active warfare, and how their shocking suicide helped put the mental trauma of war in a different light for the public.

Texas A&M University has announced the discovery of 15 additional Aggie veterans who died in the First World War. The additional names have been added to a WWI commemorative site on Simpson Drill Field in the center of campus, joining the 55 Texas Aggie Gold Stars who are all remembered with individual oak trees and plaques. Click here to read more, and learn how research efforts by the Brazos County World War I Centennial Committee identified the additional Aggie veterans who died during the war.

Beginning in January 2021, Arlington National Cemetery (ANC) commenced a monthly program of events focused on different aspects of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, as part of its year-long centennial commemoration. While the initial planning for these programs in 2019 envisioned that they would primarily be held in-person, ANC had to pivot due to ongoing Covid surges. Click here to read more, and see how this challenge came with creative opportunities, and how the benefits this shift afforded ultimately outweighed the difficulties.

In a situation where people had to stand for what they believed in and at the same time run on their feet whenever needed, it is important to ensure that they are able to do so. In a war where weapons and tactics and how to defeat the enemies were the main focus, it was fairly easy to forget about the significance of small things like socks. As ridiculous as it might sound, a small detail as this one could dictate the fate of the soldiers in a war, and history had proved that to be true. Click here to read more, and learn how socks, relatively uncommon before World War I, became a battlefield essential often supplied by American volunteer knitters back home.

World War I was The War that Changed the World, and its impact on the United States continues to be felt a century later, as people across the nation learn more about and remember those who served in the Great War. Here’s a collection of news items from the last month related to World War I and America.

Maybe it had to do with the hand-to-hand combat onstage at this year’s Academy Awards, but for some reason, two major cinemaphilia web sites (now settle down, that means “a passionate interest in films, film theory, and film criticism“) took it upon themselves to issue their own lists of “the best World War I movies of all time.” You’d think these two lists would have a lot in common, but remember, we’re talking about cinemaphiles here: the two lists are actually quite different, both in their evaluation approaches, and the specific films selected for the honors. The Stacker web site posted its “Best World War I movies of all time” list on March 30, after consulting “the top-rated war films on IMDb and ranked the top 25 about WWI.”

However, five days earlier on March 25, the slashfilm.com web site was out with its own “The 14 Best World War I Movies Ever Made” list. Intriguingly, the two lists are quite different (quite apart from having a different number of films), and not all of the films on the shorter list are included on the longer list. (Bonus question: what now-famous actor appears in one film that is on both lists, and another film that is only on one list?)  So if you are looking for an excuse to binge watch a bunch of WWI movies, check out these two lists, and maybe come up with your own list of “the best World War I movies of all time.”

But say you’re a bibliophile rather than a cinemaphile—we still got you covered. Writing on the intercollegiate Studies Institute web site, David Hein is pleased to present his great big list of The Great Books of the Great War for your reading pleasure. And since we don’t have another contemporaneous list of WWI books to which to compare and contrast his, perhaps you can come up with your own!

A man is only missing if he is forgotten.

Our Doughboy MIA this month is Eugene Sharp. Eugene was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee on May 31^st, 1896. He was the youngest of the 6 children that Sterling and Delphia Sharpe would have, farmers by trade.

Tall and stout, Sharpe had already done a year and half in the US Army before he enlisted in the Marine Corps on 13 February 1918. Upon arrival overseas he served as a Private in the 17^th Company, 5^th Regiment of Marines and was killed in action on 3 August 1918. His body was never recovered or identified and he is memorialized on the Tablets to the Missing in the chapel at the Aisne-Marne American Cemetery at Belleau Wood, France.

What makes PVT Sharpe’s case so special to us at Doughboy MIA is that we found a long forgotten ‘movement card’ for a set of remains received at the cemetery on 11 December 1922. These were deemed unidentifiable and so interred permanently there on 18 January 1923. This card indicates the remains were those of a Marine that carried the name ‘Eugene’. In looking on our comprehensive list of MIA’s, we find that there is but one Marine with that first name who is still missing in action from WW1. The likelihood of the man described on the card being Eugene Sharpe are very good then – however, in order to investigate further there is a batch of long missing paperwork we need to find that we have been searching for a very long time. Once we find that paperwork, we will be able to either raise the case for the man on the card being our man or else dismiss it all together. In fact, Sharpe’s would be the fifth case we could do this on – WHEN we locate this paperwork!

Now that the National Archive system is beginning to open up again, Doughboy MIA can get back in there and resume doing what we do best there: root out the clues that help us locate these men for recovery and/or tell their stories. FOR THAT WE NEED YOUR HELP. Every trip to the archives or to the battlefields costs us money, and we survive solely on donations – donations that help us bring closure to these long-forgotten cases. Our recent trip to the battlefields of France last November has put us tantalizingly close to possibly recovering at least two sets of remains, and we’ve got a follow-up trip in the works – a trip that may prove very exciting and a real breakthrough for us after many years of dedicated work!

BUT WE NEED YOUR HELP!!! Won’t you consider giving to Doughboy MIA? We are a 501(c)3 non-profit organization and your donation is tax deductible. Every dollar is used for our mission – a mission we believe is worthy of our best efforts. Here is YOUR chance to be part of this great endeavor. Please give today, and don’t be afraid to give generously! Visit us at www.ww1cc.org/mia and donate today with our everlasting thanks. Also visit us at www.doughboymia.org, or on Facebook at Doughboy MIA. Want to know more? Drop us a line – we’ll fill you in! But above all GIVE PLEASE: www.ww1cc.org/mia

A man is only missing if he is forgotten.

Poppy Lapel Pin

Back in stock!

♦ Exclusive Commemorative WW1 Poppy Lapel Pin

♦ First Colors Commemoration

♦ Soft enamel color design

♦ Approx. 1.5 inch in dia.

♦ Standard military clasp

Proceeds from the sale of these books will help build the new National World War I Memorial in Washington, DC.

This and many other items are available as Official Merchandise of the Doughboy Foundation.

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